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Некоторые тезисы из работы по теме British and American accents of English Based on the series "Peaky Blinders" and the film"The Revenant" starring Tom Hardy directed by Antony Byrne and Alejandro Inarritu
CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN ACCENTS
1.1. The Notion “Accent” in Modern Linguistics
Accent is one of the central concepts of phonology and prosody, which occupies an important place in the study of spoken speech of the modern Russian language. The term “accent” refers to the emphasis of a certain syllable in a word or sentence in a special way of pronunciation, which manifests itself acoustically and is perceived by the listening person. Accent serves as an important means of organizing text, expressing the emotional and expressive coloring of a statement, forming the rhythm and structure of oral communication.
The problem of accent attracted the attention of researchers back in antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers identified two forms of syllable selection: strength (force load) and pitch. Over time, accentology has developed into an independent field of knowledge that studies patterns of stress and accentuation norms in different languages of the world. Modern science considers emphasis from the perspective of three main aspects: physical, physiological and functional. The physical aspect examines the objective characteristics of sound caused by changes in the intensity and duration of the sound signal. The physiological aspect focuses on the work of the organs of articulation and respiratory tract involved in the creation of an accented syllable. The functional aspect focuses on the communicative role of accent in conveying the meaning and emotions of the speaker [3, p.48].
Depending on the location, there are two types of accents: verbal and phrasal. Verbal accent characterizes a single word, highlighting the most significant syllable within a lexical unit. Phrase emphasis determines the semantic core of the whole sentence, emphasizing the key components of the statement. In addition, a distinction is made between dynamic (or expiratory) and melodic types of accent. Dynamic stress occurs due to an increase in air flow and an increase in the volume of the voice, while melodic stress is associated with a change in pitch. Some languages use both types simultaneously, others prefer one type.
Another classification distinguishes primary and secondary stress. The primary accent carries the main semantic load, determining the structure of the word and the entire sentence. Secondary accents appear additionally, enhancing the expressiveness of speech, marking emotions or emphasizing individual elements of the utterance. One of the key functions of accent is to express syntactic connections in a statement. Thus, correctly placed stress helps to establish relationships between words in a sentence, identify the subject and predicate, and determine the boundaries of individual syntagmas. Violation of stress norms can lead to a distortion of the meaning of the statement and make it difficult for the addressee to perceive information. Another important function of accent is the stylistic differentiation of speech. A correctly chosen accent allows you to convey shades of meaning, express the speaker’s attitude to the subject of conversation, and emphasize the importance of certain elements of the message.
Finally, accent plays an important role in shaping the cultural image of the people, reflecting the characteristics of the national mentality and way of thinking. The peculiarities of the Russian accent allow us to speak about a specific perception of reality by the Russian people, which is manifested even in the manner of pronouncing words. To study accent, various methods of analyzing spoken speech are used. Among them, instrumental techniques based on the use of special equipment (for example, spectrographic equipment) stand out. Such approaches help to accurately record the physical characteristics of the sound stream, measuring changes in the frequency of vibrations of the vocal folds, the intensity of sound waves and the duration of vowel and consonant sounds [14, p.76].
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REFERENCES
1. Абрамова, И.Е. Британский произносительный стандарт: тенденции развития // Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. – 2020. – № 29 (210). – С.5-10.
2. Английский язык. Фонетика: учебное пособие / Под редакцией И. Е. Жидковой, И. А. Завалипенской. – Челябинск, 2020. – 346 с
3. Аниськина, Н.В., Бажутина М.М. Практическая фонетика английского языка: учебно-методическое пособие, 2020. – 386 с.
4. Артемов, В.И. Современные тенденции в орфоэпической норме литературного английского языка (RP) // Практика преподавания иностранных языков на факультете международных отношений БГУ: сборник. – Минск, 2019. – С.156-158.
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