Эвфемизация в речах политиков как инструмент политической борьбы

• Номер работы:
  367664
• Раздел:
  Все работы   →   Дипломные работы   →   Английский язык
• Год подготовки:
  20.11.2015
• Объем работы:
  149 стр.
• Содержание:
  Table of Contents
  
  Introduction 3
  Chapter I. Functions of euphemization in politicians’ speeches 6
  1.1. Definition and classifications of euphemisms 6
  1.2. Peculiarities of political discourse 15
  1.3. Functions of euphemization in political discourse 23
  Summary of Results 30
  Chapter II. Political euphemisms as a tool of political struggle (on the material of politicians’ speeches) 32
  2.1. Peculiarities of language of politicians’ speeches 32
  2.2. Types of euphemisms in politicians’ speeches 39
  2.3. Thematic classification of political euphemisms 48
  2.4. Functions of euphemization in speeches of English-speaking politicians 57
  Summary of Results 62
  Conclusion 64
  Bibliography 67
  Appendixes. 74
  
• Выдержка из работы:
  Introduction
  
  Nowadays the role of euphemisms in political discourse is considered to be very important. First of all, modern political communication is directed to the mass audience. Consequently, it has wide range of recipients. Secondly, language of political discourse is crucial in the sphere of forming of people’s stereotypes. Thirdly, politicians use different types of euphemisms in their public speeches in order to manipulate public opinion. Accordingly, they use the process of euphemization as a tool of political struggle.
  In modern linguistics the problem of euphemization is fully investigated in different aspects: in the aspect of euphemisms’ structure, classifications, and motives of their usage. But the aspect of political euphemisms discloses a lot of white spaces. Thus, there are not any distinct criteria of political euphemisms’ systemization. Consequently, we can speak about the necessity of research of euphemization in political sphere on the example of politicians’ speeches. In connection with the above we can affirm the topicality of the present research.
  The topicality of the research defines the aim and the tasks of the present work.
  The aim of the investigation is the analysis of euphemization in politicians’ speeches as a tool of political struggle.
  The tasks of the research are the following:
  1. To study definitions and classifications of euphemisms.
  2. To characterize political discourse.
  3. To give functions of euphemization in political discourse.
  4. To analyze peculiarities of language of politicians’ speeches.
  5. To investigate types and theme of political euphemisms.
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  Chapter I. Functions of euphemization in politicians’ speeches
  1.1. Definition and classifications of euphemisms
  
  Nowadays the phenomenon of euphemization is observed in every sphere of human activities including the sphere of politics. In order to represent functions of euphemization in political discourse, we should study definition of euphemism which is, in a broad sense, “a “nice” way of saying something unpleasant or blunt” [Carter 2013, p. 577].
  According to a word’s etymology, the word “euphemism” is of Ancient Greek origin. The first part of the word “eu” means “good”. The second part “pheme” has the meaning “speaking” [Hojati 2012, p. 553].
  Consequently, the meaning of the word “euphemism” is “to speak with good words”. Thus, euphemism is considered to be “a more pleasant, less objectionable way of saying something for a blunt or more direct way” [Chaffee 2014, p. 284].
  More often linguists state that from the point of view of lexicography only a definite word or a phrase can be a euphemism. For instance, K. Denham speaks that euphemism is a “word or phrase used to avoid offending or to purposely obscure” [Denham, Lobeck 2012, p. 303].
  Sometimes euphemisms are considered to be terms (not every word in a language) that people use to avoid some other term with unpleasant associations or taboo meaning. Such opinion belongs to T. Crowley [Crowley, Bowern 2010, p. 202].
  H. Gottlieb believes that we can observe not only words and terms in a function of a euphemisms, but also euphemistic sense in polysemous words or phrases from the general lexicon [Gottlieb, Mogensen, Zettersten 2002, p. 305].
  K. Wales defines euphemism as "the substitution of an inoffensive or pleasant expression for a more unpleasant one, or for a term which more directly evokes a distasteful or taboo subject [Wales 2014, p. 146].
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