Новые тенденции в произношении гласного звука в английском языке(1-я глава)

• Номер работы:
  247055
• Раздел:
  Все работы   →   Дипломные работы   →   Английский язык
• Год добавления:
  15.03.2013 г.
• Объем работы:
  51 стр.
• Содержание:
  Chapter I.
  1 Part I The main dialectological and sociolinguistic aspects concerning territorial variations of pronunciation
  1.1 Standard dialect and accent
  1.2 Traditional and mainstream dialects
  1.3 Historical and contemporary changes
  1.4 Geographic dialects
  1.5 Social factors affecting variations within dialects
  1.6 Barrie Rhodes’ research in the West Riding
  1.7 Models of linguistic change in Britain
  1.8 Regional dialect leveling and geographical diffusion
  1.9 Regular sound change and lexical diffusion
  1.10 Traditional dialects
  1.11 Modern dialects: which features are the “survivors” of dialect levelling
  1.12 Modern dialects: changes happening right now
  2 Part II Standard English pronunciation
  3 Part III Regional accents variations
  3.1. Accent situation in London – from RP to Cockney and Estuary
  3.1.1 Received pronunciation
  3.1.2 Cockney
  3.1.3 Estuary English
  3.2 Regional non-RP accents of England
  3.3 Southern English Accents
  3.4 Northern and Midland Accents
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  1 Part I The main dialectological and sociolinguistic aspects concerning territorial variations of pronunciation
  1.1 Standard dialect and accent
  
  Usually a dialect in a language can be given a special status. Thus it is becoming a standard dialect. As M. Gasser says, “When we"re dealing with a political unit, such as a nation, in which related dialects are spoken by most people, one dialect is often treated as the standard dialect ”.
  Standard dialect is called also a standard language and is defined as “a language variety used by a group of people in their public discourse .
  And vice versa, different varieties of language can become a standard dialect by means of process of standardization. Such varieties are, as a rule, local dialects which are spoken in the fields of government and finance issues.
  A standard language can be of two types:
  - pluricentric (a language with several standard versions in spoken and written forms);
  - monocentric ( it has only one standard version ).
  The common features of a standard dialect are the following:
  - a recognized dictionary with standardized spelling and vocabulary);
  - a recognized grammatical matters;
  - a standard pronunciation in educated speech;
  - legal status of an official language;
  - court, legislative and education usage;
  - literary norm;
  - convenience speaking;
  - popularity in the country;
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  1.2 Traditional and mainstream dialects
  
  The problem of defining traditional and mainstream dialects is just the same as distinguishing between the notions “accent” and “dialect” or “traditional dialect” and “General English”.
  Traditional dialect exists in speech of some people in rural regions and neighborhood. As a rule, traditional dialects have many differences from the Standard dialect, for example,
  ah telt thee to seh thoo hazn’t to gan yem theneet (I told you to say you musn’t go home tonight’) [a t?lt ?i t? se: ?u: hazn t? gan g?m ?? niit] .
  The term “mainstream dialect” defines a dialect of urban England (more often in southern England) and Wales. Mainstream dialects more often are used by youth and people of middle class. Let’s make an example,
  She come up Reading yesterday [?i k^m ^p ?edi? jest?d?i] .
  Without any doubt, all mainstream dialects are closely connected to each other and have many similar features, for example, in the sphere of phonology. Also they have similar features with the spoken Standard English. Thus, mainstream dialects in England, Wales and much of Ireland share the same phonological system, with similar distributions of phonemes across the vocabulary. In Ireland we can observe Scots-derived dialects and also vowel system is governed by the Scottish Vowel Length Rule. But still mainstream dialect has its own particular features.
  G. Hughes and P. Trudgill investigated mainstream dialects of the English language and came to the following conclusion:
  - the absence of ‘^’ in the north of England;
  - the variable dropping of ‘h’ in the north of England;.
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  Bibliography
  
  1. Васильев, В.А. Фонетика английского языка: нормативный курс. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980.
  2. Леонтьева, С.Ф. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. – М.: Высш.шк., 1988.
  3. Попова О.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. – Бийск: БПГУ им. В.М. Шукшина, 2006.
  4. Соколова, М.А. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. / English Phonetics: A theoretical course. – М.: Высшая школа, 1997.
  5. Яковлев Н.Ф. Принципы фонемологии // Вопросы языкознания (№6), 1983.
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