Заимствования как источник пополнения терминологической лексики

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  273873
• Раздел:
  Все работы   →   Курсовые проекты - сложные   →   Английский язык
• Год добавления:
  25.12.2013 г.
• Объем работы:
  45 стр.
• Содержание:
  Content
  Introduction 3
  Chapter I. LOANWORD TYPOLOGY 5
  1.1. The notion of a loanword 5
  1.2. Kinds of loanwords 8
  1.3. Borrowed parts of speech. Loanwords from different languages 17
  Chapter II. THE ANALYSIS OF LOANWORDS AS A SOURCE OF ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY 21
  2.1. Loanwords as a source of English terminology 21
  2.2. Types of forming of new English words 25
  2.3. Examples of loanwords as new English terminology 34
  Conclusion 41
  The List of Literature 43
  
  
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  Introduction
  
  A loanword is defined as a word that at some point came into a language bytransfer from another language.Thus, not only mangais a loanword in English(from Japanese, first attested in the OED in 1951), but also very(from French, firstattested in 1250) and mill(from Latin, first attested in 962, but probably borrowedseveral centuries earlier).Evidently, identifying early loanwords such as English millis not possible inlanguages that do not have a long written history. Thus, in order to make thedata more comparable, it might be advisable to limit oneself to more recentloanwords (say, of the last 300-500 years) even in languages where we would beable to identify older loanwords.Loanwords canbe more or less integrated phonologically andmorphologically. A foreign loanword is arguably still outside the recipient language, and not yet a "loanword" when it is fixed in the local culture. What is "exotic" varies from language to language. Thus, English names for creatures not native to Great Britain are almost always loanwords.
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  Chapter I. LOANWORD TYPOLOGY
  1.1. The notion of a loanword
  
  One of the most important tasks of diachronic linguistics is to establish General constraints on language change. There are two main types of constraints onlanguage change: paths of change, which limit the direction that changes cantake, and rates of change, which give us an idea about the frequency or speedwith which certain types of changes occur. Constraints on language change are ofinterest for at least two reasons:
  (I) A theoreticalreason: Understanding the nature of language changepresupposes identifying constraints on language change. If there were no suchconstraints, if anything goes, then we would have a difficult time understandinghow and why change occurs.
  (II) An applied/practical reason: Constraints on language change are aprerequisite for reconstructing unattested changes and unattested linguisticsituations.
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  Conclusion
  
  The role of loan words in the formation and development of English vocabulary is dealt with in the history of the language. It is there that the historical circumstances are discussed under which words borrowed from Latin, from Scandinavian dialects, from Norman and Parisian French and many other languages, including Russian, were introduced into English. Lexicology, on the other hand, has in this connection tasks of its own, being chiefly concerned with the material and the results of assimilation.
  The main problems of etymology and borrowed words as they concern the English language are comprehensively and consistently treated in Professor A.I. Smirnitsky’s book on lexicology. Professor A.I. Smirnitsky deals with these issues mainly in terms of word sameness reflecting his methodological approach to word theory.
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