Main Types of Collocations in Business Discourse

• Номер работы:
  463712
• Раздел:
  Все работы   →   Курсовые проекты - сложные   →   Лингвистика
• Год добавления:
  01.10.2017 г.
• Объем работы:
  66 стр.
• Содержание:
  Introduction 3
  Chapter 1. Main peculiarities of English collocations 6
  1.1. Definition of the notion “collocation” 6
  1.2. Characteristics of collocations 9
  1.3. Lexical functions of collocations: functional and cognitive approaches 12
  Chapter 2. Main types of collocations 16
  2.1. Structural classification 16
  2.2. Semantic classification 18
  2.3. Other classifications 19
  Chapter 3. Business discourse: definition and peculiarities 22
  3.1. Definition of the notion “business discourse” 22
  3.2. Lexical peculiarities of business discourse 26
  Chapter 4. Analysis of collocations in business discourse (based on English magazine “Economist”) 33
  4.1. Semantic types of collocations in “Economist” articles 33
  4.2. Structural types of collocations in “Economist” articles 51
  Conclusion 59
  References 62
  
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  Introduction
  
  The research of collocations and their main types used in business discourse is very topical at present. The topicality of the research may be explained by several factors.
  First of all, the language phenomenon of collocation is relatively new in linguistics. Consequently, terminological basis of collocation is not perfect. Thus, there are a lot of synonymic terms which are used instead of the term “collocation”. Moreover, scientists have not reveal the unique definition of the notion “collocation” as yet. Therefore, there exist a great problem in defining and referring of collocation in the system of English language means.
  Secondly, collocations are researched in modern linguistics from different aspects. Scientists pay attention to every distinctive feature of collocations: their structure, semantics, level of figurativeness, etc. In view of this scientists suggest a lot of different classifications which can vary in one and the same sphere. This problem must also be resolved.
  Thirdly, there are some arguable questions in modern linguistics concerning business discourse. Its terminological apparatus is not clear and stable. The scientific discipline which studies business discourse – business linguistics – appeared recently. Consequently, it has not elaborated the unique methods of investigation of business discourse and its lexical peculiarities. Furthermore, with the development of science and technological progress, today we can see new forms of business discourse (such as web discourse). Its appearance influences greatly the main features of business texts because it combines both spoken and written business discourses.
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  Chapter 1. Main peculiarities of English collocations
  1.1. Definition of the notion “collocation”
  
  It is generally known that people communicate not in separate words, but in set phrases. Consequently, there is crucial need to research different forms and structures of set phrases in the English language. Moreover, set phrases, or phrasemes, are characterized by their non-compositionality. In other words, they cannot be constructed according to the usual language rules from separate lexical units. Indeed they are stored in the language and used as a whole.
  The dominant part of phrasemes (set phrases) is collocations. That is why it is very important to investigate their features in the English language.
  It must be emphasized that the notion “collocation” is not the only one which can denote word combinations analyzed in the present paper. According to A.P. Cowie, instead of the term “collocation” the researchers use other synonymous or non-synonymous terms such as “fixed phrases”, “frozen phrases”, “idiomatic expressions”, “word combinations”, “idioms”, etc. [12, p. 23].
  In the present paper we will use the term “collocation” following the most prominent researchers of this type of word combinations in the English language.
  The term “collocation” was first introduced by the famous English linguist and the leading feature in British linguistics in the XX century J.R. Firth. His citation is still used in the researches of collocations. Let us cite it: “You shall know a word by the company it keeps” [27, p. 94].
  From the point of view of J.R. Firth, collocation constitutes a part of the meaning, and the other part of it is introduced by the context of situation. He said: “Meaning by collocation is an abstraction at the syntagmatic level and is not directly concerned with the conceptual or idea approach to the meaning of words. One of the meanings of night is its collocability with dark, and, of dark, of course, collocation with night” [cited by: 28, p. 15].
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